Nano-Engineering the Boiling Surface for Optimal Heat Transfer Rate and Critical Heat Flux

The effects on pool boiling characteristics such as critical heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient of different surface characteristics such as surface wettability, roughness, morphology, and porosity are not well understood. Layer-by-layer nanoparticle coatings were used to modify the surface of a sapphire heater to control the surface roughness, the layer thickness, and the surface chemistry. The surface was then tested in a water boiling test at atmospheric pressure while imaging the surface with high speed infrared thermography yielding a 2D time dependent temperature profile. The critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient were enhanced by over 100% by optimizing the surface parameters. It was found that particle size of the nanoparticles in coating, the coating thickness, and the wettability of the surface have a large impact on CHF and the heat transfer coefficient. Surfaces were also patterned with hydrophobic " islands " within a hydrophilic " sea " by coupling the Layer-by-layer nanoparticle coatings with an ultraviolet ozone technique that patterned the wettability of the surface. The patterning was an attempt to increase the nucleation site density with hydrophobic dots while still maintaining a large hydrophilic region to allow for rewetting of the surface during the ebullition cycle and thus maintaining a high critical heat flux. The patterned surfaces exhibited similar critical heat fluxes and heat transfer coefficients to the surfaces that were only modified with layer-by-layer nanoparticle coatings. However, the patterned surfaces also exhibited highly preferential nucleation from the hydrophobic regions demonstrating an ability to control the nucleation site layout of a surface and opening an avenue for further study. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first of all want to thank my thesis supervisor Professor Jacopo Buongiorno for all of his support, help, and patience throughout this project. Also, I would like to extend thanks Dr. Lin-Wen Hu for all of her input and help with the project. I would like to extend my personal gratitude to Dr. Tom McKrell, who spent hours helping me with a myriad of experimental details. I also want to thank Professors Michael Rubner and Robert Cohen for their expertise and use of their facilities for the fabrication of the multilayers. I also want to extend my gratitude to Erik Williamson for all of his help on teaching me how to make the multilayers and his suggestions on patterning the surface. My thanks are also extended to professor Vladimir Bulovic for him allowing me to …